To understand the mechanics of nutrient lockout and how to prevent it from occurring, you must first have a basic understanding of how plants take in nutrients. (WARNING! Science content!) Most of a plants sustenance is taken in through the roots through a process called osmosis. Osmosis is the physical process by which a solution of low concentration translocates through a semi-permeable membrane to a solution of higher concentration on the other side of the membrane. This process is what allows roots to absorb water from the surrounding soil. As osmosis occurs, energy is released and used to fuel plant growth. Now enter nutrient lockout.
Macronutrients
Macronutrients are the core elements that are most needed by plants. The three major macronutrients are: Nitrogen “N”, Phosphorus “P”, and Potassium “K”. If you have ever purchased any type of fertilizer, then you will recognize these letters. All fertilizers consist of these elements in varying quantities. This is also referred to as the N-P-K ratio of the fertilizer and can be found on the side of the bag (20-20-20). Based on these three numbers you can choose a fertilizer that meets the needs of your plants during the different stages of growth. Most vegetables thrive primarily on “N” and “P” during the vegetative stage and in their flowering-stage, “P” and “K”.
Micronutrients
In addition to macronutrients, plants also require trace-elements for optimum growth. These trace-elements or micronutrients include:
- Calcium – Ca
- Magnesium – Mg
- Sulfur -S
- Manganese – Mn
- Boron – B
- Zinc – Zn
- Copper – Cu
They are present in many fertilizers, but in much less quantities than macronutrients.