Most growers have ppm pens or monitors that can tell them the quality of their water. This is a good starting point, but knowing the hardness (calcium and magnesium) of the water is important, to see how much of the ppm is the hardness and how much is other contaminants. There is a myriad of other substances that can be read by a ppm pen. Sources for ppm in your water include agricultural runoff, urban runoff, industrial waste water, sewage, and natural sources such as leaves, silt, plankton, and rocks. Piping or plumbing may also release metals into the water and add to the ppm.
Below is a guide to identifying certain water problems:
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If you’re looking for a true challenge when it comes to an indoor pest, look no further than the leaf miner. The leaf miner is more of a threat to an indoor gardener using a greenhouse, but leaf miners have been known to develop in any indoor garden when conditions are right.
Although there are standard ways to deal with most pests, even identifying these pests can be challenge. The adult leaf miner looks exactly like small fly. Without an expertise in entomology, you probably will not be able to spot them, even if you study them on sticky yellow monitoring tape.
The problem with leaf miner is that they do exactly what the name implies — mine the leaf of your plant. Basically, the adult leaf miner lays an egg on the leaf of the plant and it hatches a larva. In turn, the small larva tunnels between the upper and lower surfaces of the leaf and goes to work. And, of course, because it is between the layers of the leaf, it is protected form any sprays you might want to use. Read the rest of this entry »
Compost is one of the best things that you can add to your garden. It allows you to use organic materials that would normally go to landfills. Organic materials make up approximately 24 percent of items send to landfills. It’s very inexpensive and much better than spending money on commercial fertilizers. It helps with soil texture and structure. It also adds nutrients to your garden. The best time to start your compost is in the spring. Read the rest of this entry »
Indoor hydroponic gardening involves careful management of complex biological systems. When you garden indoors, you are essentially taking over the roll of mother nature. You provide the sun, the food, and the air that your plants need to flourish. The idea is to optimize each of these systems so that you are doing a better job than nature can. This involves a delicate balancing act that can be difficult to maintain at times. When things start to go wrong, it can be difficult for a beginner to diagnose the exact cause and decide on a course of action.
Because it always provides “something to do,” gardening can be a year-round activity. And if you can’t think of any gardening tasks for the winter months, here are some tips to get you going.
Some assume that just because the weather is cold the ground must be frozen. “But the ground takes longer to cool off than the air does,” says Sharon Yiesla, Unit Educator, University of Illinois Extension. “As long as the ground isn’t frozen and can accept water, you should water at least your evergreens. Most of the other plants are fairly dormant by winter and not using much water. Evergreens, on the other hand, keep their needles all winter and can lose water through those needles.
“Keeping water supplied to the evergreen’s roots on a weekly basis as long as possible into the fall and winter season will help reduce stress.”
Winter means the threat of snow and ice damage to trees and shrubs is always a possibility. “When snow piles up on evergreens, try to gently brush it off,” Yiesla said. “Don’t shake the branches as this may cause them to break. If the snow is frozen on the branch and will not brush off easily, it’s best to let it melt naturally to avoid damage to the tree or the shrub.
“If tree limbs break due to the weight of ice or snow, it’s advisable to have the broken limbs removed as soon as the weather permits. Hanging branches can be a danger to passing pedestrians. Also, the tree will be able to heal the wound better in spring, if the wound has clean edges instead of ragged tears.”
A sudden warm spell in mid-winter is a good time to check for problems. If roses are covered with cones, it may be time to ventilate the cones to prevent heat from building up inside. The same should be done with cold frames. “If it is a warm, sunny day, the temperatures may be rising in the cold frame more than you expect,” Yiesla noted. “Remember to close vents as the temperatures drop again at night.”
Indoors, it is important to keep holiday plants fresh and blooming. Most of the blooming holiday plants prefer to be in a cool room. This keeps the plant in flower longer. Most holiday plants also need a bright room (some do well with direct sun, others do not). Keep these plants out of drafts to keep them in good health.
“If you order seeds from catalogs, get your order in by the end of January,” Yiesla recommended. “Early orders help ensure that you get the seeds you want and that you have them in time to start them indoors if you want.” It is very common to find insects meandering around the house in winter, she added.
“All of these critters come into the house looking for a place to rest for the winter. Common nuisance pests are box elder bugs, house flies, squash bugs, and the multi-colored Asian ladybeetles”. As you encounter these insects, just vacuum them up. Avoid smashing them as some leave stains or odors when smashed.
It is important not to store firewood in the house. Insects can come in with firewood. “Leave the wood outside until you are ready to build a fire,” Yiesla said. “Firewood should never be treated with insecticides, and insecticides are often not needed for most insect home invaders.”
Sharon Yiesla is a Unit Educator at the Horticultural Department of the University of Illinois Extension. For more information about gardening, visit the University of Illinois Extension website at http://web.extension.uiuc.edu/state/index.html.